SEMIOTIC SYSTEM
Semiotic system is Symbolic meaning making system
Definition of Grammar
Grammar is a theory of language, of how language is put together and how it works.
- put together in bahasa is dibentuk
- works here means berfungsi
Traditional (formal) Grammar s the study of language describing Standard English by comparing it with Latin.
Formal grammar is concerned to describe the structure of individual sentences and views.
- Language as the set of rules which allows or disallows certain sentence structures.
- Language : a set of rules for sentence construction;
a resource for meaning making;
something we know;
something we do;
Formal (+ traditional) | Functional | |
Primary concern | - how is (should) this sentence be structured? | How are the meaning of this text realized? |
Unit of analysis | - sentences | Whole text |
Language level of concern | - syntax | semantics |
example : a. Asep hit his goats twice
actor process participants
b. Money bought a basket of apples (this sentence acceptable according to Functional grammar)
c. the dog is singing Dangdut song (acceptable according to traditional grammar, but it is impossible for us the dog can sing, so it is unacceptable according to Functional Grammar)
Text Definition
Text is a piece of spoken or written language that is having the viewpoint of structure and its functions.
Context Definition
Context is something which occurs before and /or after a word, a phrase or even a longer utterance or a text.
Two kinds of context in terms of language meaning
- context of situation
- context of culture
Context of situation can be specified through use of the register variables:
Field, Tenor and Mode.
Context of Culture determines what we can mean through:
- being “who we are”
- doing “what we do”
- saying “what we say”
Sumber : http://nengria-saparingga.blogspot.com/2009/04/definition-of-grammar.html
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